Black locust gall midge	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2006.
	Amerikanesch Galméck	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Amerikanische Gallmücke	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2020) | CABI
	Robiniagalmug	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) has been recorded for the first time in Italy (Veneto) and in Europe in July 2003. Its natural distribution includes the eastern USA. The larvae of O. robiniae produce galls on the leaflets of Robinia pseudoacacia. In particular, the margins of leaflets are rolled downwards. Symptoms are recorded more commonly on the apical shoots (Duso et al 2005).

In 2004 the black locust gall midge was found in Czech Republic and Slovenia, in 2006 in Hungary, Slovakia, Serbia and Montenegro and also in Germany. In Belgium, the first galls were found in 2005, in Luxembourg in 2006, in France, Romania, Poland, Switzerland and England in 2007 and in the Netherlands in 2008 ((Schneider & Walisch 2009: 261).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) was first observed in 2006 by F. Feitz in Remich (Schneider & Walisch 2009: 161).

106 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Duso C; Fontana P; Tirello P, 2005. Spread of the gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman) injurious to black locust in Italy and Europe. (Diffusione in Italia e in Europa di Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman), dittero cecidomiide neartico dannoso a Robinia pseudoacacia.) Informatore Fitopatologico, 55(5):30-33.
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N. & T. Walisch, 2009. Sur la présence au Luxembourg d’Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 110: 161-165. [PDF 470 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-10.

	Southern oak bush cricket	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2006.
	Südlechen Eechen-Heesprénger	Status Eur.: native to Southern Europe.
	Méconème fragile	RA: ISEIA: C2. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Südliche Eichenschrecke	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies:
	Zuidelijke boomsprinkhaan	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Info from Proess 2010: “Meconema meridionale (Costa, 1860) is an Adriato-Mediterranean faunal element. Its closed distribution area originally extended from Sicily to the Alps and from the western parts of southern France (Hérault department) to Slovenia and Istria (Detzel 1998). Since about 1960, the species has spread strongly northwards and has now reached England as well as Belgium and the Netherlands (Kleukers et al. 2004) (Jennings 2005).”

“The purely carnivorous feeding species colonises different shrub and tree species such as maple, oak, lime, hornbeam, privet, chestnut or horse chestnut. Evidence is also found, however, in climbing and climbing plants. The eggs are preferably laid in the cracked bark of trees.”

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, Meconema meridionale (Costa, 1860)  was first observed by M. Weitzel on 2nd September 2006 in Wasserbillig (Municipality of Mertert). Other observations were made by M. Weitzel (August 2009 in Mertert and Wasserbillig), R. Proess (October 2009 in Heisdorf) and Marc Meyer (October 2009 in Luxembourg-Grund) (Proess 2010).

15 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C2 (2+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,03 = (Overall Invasion score 0,64 x Overall Impact score 0,06) (evaluated by Jennifer Cross, Svenja Christian and Roland Proess).

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2019. Meconema meridionale (Costa, 1860) in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://www.gbif.org/species/1690429 [accessed 2020-02-10]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Meconema meridionale (Costa, 1860) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Proess, R., 2010. Die südliche Eichenschrecke Meconema meridionale (Costa, 1860) – eine neue Heuschreckenart in Luxemburg (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111: 121-124. [PDF 253 KB]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-03-06. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-10.

	Argentine ant	Status LU: absent.
	Argentinesch Seechomes	Status Eur.: established.
	Fourmi d’Argentine	RA: ISEIA: C0. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Argentinische Ameise	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Argentijnse plaagmier	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) is one of the most invasive and problematic ant species in the world according to the Invasive Species Specialist Group (www.issg.org/database). Native to South America, it has spread worldwide in areas with Mediterranean-type climates usually associated with disturbed habitats as a result of human commercial activities. Its capacity to tolerate a wide range of abiotic conditions, its generalist dietary requirements and its unicolonial organization, which lead to the formation of large supercolonies, allow the species to spread easily and occupy a wide range of areas. In these areas, L. humile has impacted native ant faunas leading to changes in arthropod communities, ant-vertebrate interactions and ant-plant relationships. Its presence has also had economic effects, such as damage to infrastructure, and negative effects on crops and plantations due to its mutualistic interactions with hemipterans, which can affect the growth and production of the host plant (CABI 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

The species hasn’t been observed in Luxembourg so far (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C0 (3+1+2+2) (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-10]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-28.

	Western conifer seed bug	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2009.
	Amerikanesch Kiferwanz	Status Eur.: established.
	Punaise américaine du pin	RA: ISEIA: B1, Watch List. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Amerikanische Kiefernwanze	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Bladpootrandwants	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 is a North American bug native of the Rocky Mountains. It was observed for the first time in October 1999 in Europe, near Vicenza in Italy. Following several introductions to our continent, the expansion of the species has been very rapid. Leptoglossus occidentalis was reported in Switzerland in 2002, in Slovenia and Spain in 2003, in Croatia and Hungary in 2004, in Austria in 2005 and in France in 2006. In 2007 it was reported in Germany, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and Belgium as well as in Poland, and in 2008 in Bulgaria, Montenegro, Serbia and the Netherlands (Schneider 2010: 115).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

The species was first observed in Luxembourg by Guy Marson in Steinfort on 9th October 2009 (Schneider 2010: 116).

It is widely distributed by now.

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

B1 (3+3+2+1) = Watch List (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,19 = (Overall Invasion score 0,74 x Overall Impact score 0,25) (evaluated by Jennifer Cross, Svenja Christian and Roland Proess).

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-10]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., 2010. Découverte de Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 et redécouverte de Lygaeus equestris (L., 1758) au Luxembourg (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111: 115-116. [PDF 238 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-03-06. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-10.

	Invasive garden ant	Status LU: absent.
	Vergiesse Weeseechomes	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C0. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Vergessene Wegameise	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	n/a	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990 is a polygynous, sometimes invasive, ant of the genus Lasius. The ant was identified in 1990 after establishing a colony in Budapest, Hungary. Superficially, they are similar in appearance to the common black garden ant, Lasius niger, but have significantly different behavioural patterns, particularly in the social structure within colonies. Lasius neglectus is believed to be prey for several animals and insects, specifically Clytra laeviuscula and some Picidae family birds.

Lasius neglectus can outnumber native European varieties of ant by 10 to 100 times in infested gardens and, as such, has been considered a pest in many central European countries. The species has spread as far as Jena in Germany, Ghent in Belgium and Warsaw in Poland. A colony has been reported in Hidcote Bartrim, Gloucestershire in England, where it demonstrates an affinity for outdoor electrical fittings where it may constitute a fire risk (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990 hasn’t been observed in Luxembourg so far (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C0 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-09]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-09]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. Lasius neglectus, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 14 January 2020, 03:19 UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lasius_neglectus&oldid=935689064 [accessed 2020-04-09]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-09.

	Fall webworm	Status LU: uncertain. 1st record: 2014.
	Amerikanesch Wiewermatt	Status Eur.: established.
	Chenille à tente estivale	RA: ISEIA: B1, Watch List. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Amerikanischer Webebär	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	n/a (2020)	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773), native to North America, is a moth in the family Erebidae known principally for its larval stage, which creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is considered a pest but although unsightly, does not harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists. The adult fall webworm has a wingspan of approximately 30 mm and is generally white-colored, although some individuals may have dark-colored marks (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

So far, Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) has been documented only once, in 2014 in the Kirchberg district in Luxembourg City (Source ?).

There is no distribution map available because no data has been entered into the Recorder-Lux database so far (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

B1 (3+3+1+2) = Watch List (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,13 = (Overall Invasion score 0,49 x Overall Impact score 0,27) (evaluated by Jennifer Cross, Svenja Christian and Roland Proess).

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-06]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-09]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Fall webworm’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 13 March 2020, 14:32 UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_webworm&oldid=945368504 [accessed 2020-04-09]

 Page content last updated on 2024-03-06. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-10.

	Harlequin ladybird	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2004.
	Asiatescht Himmelsdéierchen	Status Eur.: established.
	Coccinelle asiatique	RA: ISEIA: B3, Watch List. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Asiatische Marienkäfer	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Veelkleurig Aziatisch lieveheersbeestje	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) lives in a very wide range of habitats: farmlands, orchards, wetlands, and forest margins. It seems to avoid deep forest habitats. H. axyridis is a strong intraguild predator and is able to displace native ladybird species, hence the population collapse of the two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata is largely attributable to its rapid expansion in North America and Europe. The Harlequin ladybird is also known to invade houses in winter (Adriaens et al. 2007).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) was observed in Luxembourg for the first time on 18th September 2004 by Nico Schneider at Schleifmillen, municipality of Junglinster (Schneider & Loomans 2006).

196 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

B3 (3+2+3+2) = Watch List (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• Adriaens T., E. Branquart, P. De Clercq & J.-C. Grégoire, 2007. Harmonia database: Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773). Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2020-04-08]
• CABI, 2019. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-08]
• Guinet, J.-M., 2009. Etude de deux populations d’Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) au Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 110: 147-152. [PDF 349 KB]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-06]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N. & A.J.M. Loomans, 2006. Sur la présence au Luxembourg de la coccinelle arlequin Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 106: 71-74. [PDF 188 Kb]

 Page content last updated on 2020-05-19. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2020-05-19.

	Rhododendron leafhopper	Status LU: established. 1st record: 1999.
	Rhododendron–Zikad	Status Eur.: established.
	Cicadelle du rhododendron	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Rhododendronzikade	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies:
	Rododendroncicade	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Graphocephala fennahi D.A. Young, 1977 is a species of leafhopper native to the United States. Its common name derives from it feeding on the sap of rhododendrons. The species was introduced to Great Britain in the 1930s and continental Europe in the 1970s. There has been suggestion that the rhododendron leafhopper contributes to the spread of a rhododendron fungus through Europe (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, Graphocephala fennahi D.A. Young, 1977 has been first recorded on 1st January 1999 in Aarnescht, municipality of Niederanven.

10 occurrences of the species are documented in the MNHNL-mdata portal ranging from 1999 to 2014 (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (2+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. Graphocephala fennahi Young, 1977 in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei [accessed 2020-03-14]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Graphocephala fennahi in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-03-14]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Graphocephala fennahi’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2 January 2020, 06:50 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graphocephala_fennahi&oldid=933645552> [accessed 2020-03-14]

 Page content last updated on 2020-03-14. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-10.

	Spotted-wing drosophila	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2014.
	Kiischte-Fruuchtméck	Status Eur.: established.
	Moucheron asiatique	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Kirschessigfliege	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Suzuki’s fruitvlieg	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) is a fruit crop pest and can be a serious economic threat to soft summer fruit.

The cherry vinegar fly is known as a pest in fruit and wine growing. A study in the cantons of Zug and Zurich now shows that the forest is also affected by this invasive alien insect. The heavy infestation of wild fruits reduces the food basis of many animal species and the spread of the affected plant species (Bühlmann et al. 2021).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) first appeared in Luxembourg in 2014 which raised great attention (Nonet 2014; Schultz & Molitor 2016). A large-scale monitoring of the spotted-wing drosophila was carried out in the Moselle region in 2016 in cooperation with the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST).

No records are available through the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Useful ressources

• Overview on D. suzukii by Institut viti-vinicole Remich (in German)

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (3+2+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• Bühlmann I. et al. (2021): Schadpotenzial der Kirschessigfliege (Drosophila suzukii) im Wald. Wald und Holz (8/21), 19-22. Cf. https://biodiversitaet.scnat.ch/publications/search_details?id=1900
• CABI, 2019. Drosophila suzukii. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-03-14]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Drosophila suzukii in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-03-14]
• Nonet, E., 2014. Mille litres de nectar, pas plus. Le Quotidien 6./7.12.2014: p. 19.
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schultz, M. & D. Molitor, 2016. Die Kirschessigfliege – eine neue Herausforderung für den Luxemburger Weinbau. Lëtzebuerger Beien-Zeitung 127: 354-359.

 Page content last updated on 2025-04-11. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-10.

	Box tree moth	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2015.
	Pällemmatt	Status Eur.: established.
	Pyrale du buis	RA: ISEIA: A1, Black List. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Buchsbaumzünsler	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Buxusmot	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to eastern Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, the Russian Far East and India), where the caterpillars feed on Buxus microphylla without causing any damage. It is an invasive species in Europe, first recorded in Germany in 2006, and subsequently in Switzerland and the Netherlands in 2007, Great Britain in 2008, France and Austria in 2009, Hungary in 2011, Romania, Spain and Turkey. It is also known from Slovakia, Belgium and Croatia, and in 2016 in Bosnia and Hercegovina. During the preparation for the 2014 Olympics, in 2012 it was introduced from Italy to Sochi with the planting stock of Buxus sempervirens and during the next year it began to defoliate Buxus colchica in large quantities.

The larvae feed on the leaves and shoots of Buxus species. Young larvae only eat the upper part of the leaf, leaving the hardest inside structure. The leaves are not destroyed completely but appear as “peeled” in small parallel beats lines, or almost completely. These peeled leaves eventually die. Old larvae are the most damaging: they massively and completely eat the leaves, sometimes leaving a thin part at the contour and centre of the leaf, however. Green ball-shaped frass can usually be seen on host plants (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) was first observed on 11th September 2015 by Svenja Christian in Wasserbillig, municipality of Mertert (Hellers & Christian 2016). In 2016, the moth was observed in Dudelange by Georges Bechet. Since then, the species has spread massively and can be found virtually all over the country. Reports are less frequent in the North of Luxembourg.

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

A1 (3+3+3+3) = Black List (Ries et al. 2017: 68).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Cydalima perspectalis. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-03-13]
• Hellers, M. & S. Christian, 2016. Eine neue invasive Art in Luxemburg: der Buchsbaumzünsler Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 118 : 131-134. [PDF 350 KB]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Cydalima perspectalis in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-03-13]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Cydalima perspectalis’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 5 January 2020, 15:35 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cydalima_perspectalis&oldid=934256164> [accessed 13 March 2020]

 Page content last updated on 2024-06-26. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2020-04-30.