Month: July 2015

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist

Posted onAuthorDr. Christian Ries

English Canadian fleabane Status LU: established. 1st record: LU & ITW 1822.
Lëtzebuergesch Kanadesch Beruffkraut Status Eur.: established. 1st record: Eur. 1600s.
Français Vergerette du Canada RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: 0,24
Deutsch Kanadisches Berufkraut Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Canadian fleabane Wikipedia - Français - Vergerette du Canada Wikipedia - Deutsch - Kanadisches Berufkraut Wikipedia - Nederlands - Canadese fijnstraal | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Conyza canadensis | CABI
Nederlands Canadese fijnstraal Back to the list of neophytes

Brief description

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist is considered a weed and is associated mostly with perennial crops, fallows and field borders. It also occurs on roadsides and appears as an early successional species on recently disturbed land. This North American species has a high spreading capacity due to its ability to adapt to different environments combined with high reproductive potential and high seed mobility.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

In Luxembourg, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist was first reported in 1822 from a wall in Rollingen, municipality of Mersch (Krombach 1874: 344). In 1836, it was mentioned under its synonym Erigeron canadensis as an annual herbaceous plant which flowers in June-July and colonises dry and sandy environments (Tinant 1836: 424). In 1873, Koltz describes the species as common, but missing in large spaces. Found in rubble, old walls, roadsides, fallow fields around Luxembourg City. Rare in the Ardennes (Koltz 1873: 129). Between 1900-1909 huge populations were observed on the banks of the river Sauer in Diekirch (Robert 2010: 15).

The species was first documented in 1883 in Mersch by Jean Feltgen (1833-1904) (Specimen № 13971 MNHNL 2000-). The next observation was made by Léopold Reichling on 8th August 1952 in Manzenbaach, Municipality of Larochette. Since then, more than 310 observations have been recorded, especially in the central area of Luxembourg, while the north of the country is populated much more sparsely (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2019).

According to Lambinon & Verloove (2012), the species is generally common to quite common in the environment, apart from the Ardennes and the Eifel, where it is rare (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 709). × Conyzigeron huelsenii (Vatke) Rauschert, an intergeneric hybrid between Erigeron acris and Conyza canadensis, is very rarely observed (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 707).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+2+2+1) (Ries et al. 2013: 18).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,24 = (Overall Invasion score 0,74 x Overall Impact score 0,31) (Ries et al. 2020).

0,74Invasion
0,31Impact
0,24Risk

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • CABI, 2019. Conyza canadensis. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-02-28]
  • Krombach, J.-H.-G., 1875. Flore du grand-duché de Luxembourg. Plantes phanérogames. 564 p. Luxembourg, Imprimerie Joris.
  • Lambinon J. & F. Verloove, 2012. Nouvelle flore de la Belgique, du grand-duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Sixième édition. Avec la collaboration de L. Delvosalle, B. Toussaint, D. Geerinck, I. Hoste, F. Van Rossum, B. Cornier, R. Schumacker, A. Vanderpoorten et H. Vannerom. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. CXXXIX + 1195 pp. ISBN : 9789072619884.
  • MNHNL, 2000-. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-05]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-06]
  • Ries, C. & Y. Krippel, 2021. First records of 56 invasive alien vascular plants in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 123: 115-127. [PDF 241 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel, M. Pfeiffenschneider & S. Schneider, 2013. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of non-native vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 114: 15-21. [PDF 652 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2020 [submitted]. Risk assessment after the Harmonia+ protocol of invasive alien vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois.
  • Robert J., 1910. Beiträge zur Flora des Grossherzogtums Luxemburg. lnst. G.-D. Lux., Sect. Sc. natur., phvs., math., Arch. trimestr. n.s. V: 1-35. Luxembourg: Imprimerie de la Cour Victor-Buck.
  • Tinant, F. A., 1836. Flore luxembourgeoise, ou, Description des plantes phanérogames, recueillies et observées dans le grand-duché de Luxembourg, classées d’après le système sexuel de Linnée. 512 p. Luxembourg, J. P. Kuborn.

 Page content last updated on 2021-03-02. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-14.

Cornus sericea L.

Posted onAuthorDr. Christian Ries

English Red-osier dogwood Status LU: established. 1st record: LU 1823, ITW 1950.
Lëtzebuergesch Seideg Haartrutt Status Eur.: established. 1st record: LU 1823.
Français Cornouiller soyeux RA: ISEIA: B1, Watch list. Harmonia+: 0,30
Deutsch Seidiger Hartriegel Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Red-osier dogwood Wikipedia - Français - Cornouiller soyeux Wikipedia - Deutsch - Seidiger Hartriegel | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Cornus sericea | CABI
Nederlands Canadese kornoeilje Back to the list of neophytes

Brief description

Cornus sericea 1208027Cornus sericea L. is mostly found on moist to humid eutrophic soils, where it can live with the roots submerged in water for most of the growing season. It thrives in early successional stages of riparian swamps and woodlands, but also in the understorey of open forests, along forest margins, in meadows and ruderal habitats. The plant is able to tolerate extremely cold temperatures. It is autosterile and pollinated by insects. Seeds, that are primarily dispersed by birds, have a double dormancy that needs both cold stratification and passage through bird guts to germinate. As it is commonly used as an ornamental plant and grown in gardens and public green areas, humans also contribute to the dispersion of this shrub. It is increasingly observed in the wild [in Belgium], most of the time obviously as an escape from cultivation.

In open conditions, Cornus sericea has a very high growth rate and produces abundant flowering. It can quickly cover high surfaces and make a dense canopy, which reduces the development of native vegetation, strongly decreases plant species richness, reduces tree seedling establishment and inhibits succession development. Density can exceed 100 000 stems per hectare. Under a closed canopy, the plant doesn’t produce flowers but emits long and horizontal axes that root and give rise to many stocks. This allows it to achieve great lateral exploration and to migrate to a more favourable area or to wait until opening occurs. It is considered as a weed in the floodplains and in forest openings of its area of origin (Branquart et al. 2011).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Cornus sericea L. in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Cornus sericea L. was first mentioned for Luxembourg under its synonym Cornus stolonifera Michx. as introduced in 1823 in the Schrassig Park (Koltz 1875: 94). It was first documented in Luxembourg as its subspecies Cornus sericea ssp. sericea under its synonym Cornus stolonifera Michx. by Jean Feltgen in July 1887 in the park of Kockelscheuer, municipality of Luxembourg (Herbier specimen № 10659, MNHNL 2000-).

The next record of Cornus sericea L. is a herbarium specimen collected by Jos Witry on 1950-06-01 on/near a railway in Rumelange (Herbarium Specimen № 51729, MNHNL 2000-).

Currently, 6 records of the red-osier dogwood in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2019).

This species originates from North America and is naturalised in Europe (mainly central). Grown for ornamental purposes in parks and along roads. Subspontaneous or naturalised here and there: old parks, groves, fresh thickets (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 441).

Other Cornus taxa

A related species, Cornus alba L. [Syn.: Swida alba (L.) Opiz; Thelycrania alba (L.) Pojark.], originally from Siberia, is also grown for ornamental purposes. It is distinguished by its generally smaller leaves (leaf blade 4-11 cm long), erect and general non-rooting shoots and especially by the fruit stones: longer than broad, and narrow at the base, whereas they are about as long as broad and truncated-rounded at the base in C. sericea. C. alba has sometimes been mentioned in the subspontaneous state, but perhaps by confusion with C. sericea. Variants with leaf blades mixed with green and yellowish or whitish, which are not easily attached to either of these species, are frequently observed (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 441).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

B1 (2+3+3+2) = Watch list, reassessed on 2019-10-25 by C. Ries & Y. Krippel. First assessed as C0 (1+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2013: 18).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,30 = (Overall Invasion score 0,50 x Overall Impact score 0,60) (Ries et al. 2020).

0,50Invasion
0,60Impact
0,30Risk

Worldwide distribution

CABI 2009: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16312#toDistributionMaps

Bibliography

  • Branquart, E., S. Vanderhoeven, W. Van Landuyt, F. Van Rossum & F. Verloove, 2011. Harmonia database: Cornus sericea L. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2019-10-15]
  • CABI, 2009. Cornus sericea L. [original text by Beth Middleton]. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2019-11-22]
  • Koltz, J.-P.-J., 1875. Dendrologie luxembourgeoise. Catalogue des arbres, arbrisseaux et arbustes spontanés, subspontanés ou introduits dans la culture du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Imprimerie V. Buck, Luxembourg, 217 pp.
  • Lambinon J. & F. Verloove, 2012. Nouvelle flore de la Belgique, du grand-duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Sixième édition. Avec la collaboration de L. Delvosalle, B. Toussaint, D. Geerinck, I. Hoste, F. Van Rossum, B. Cornier, R. Schumacker, A. Vanderpoorten et H. Vannerom. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. CXXXIX + 1195 pp. ISBN : 9789072619884.
  • MNHNL, 2000-. Cornus sericea L. in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-15]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Cornus sericea L. in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-15]
  • Ries, C. & Y. Krippel, 2021. First records of 56 invasive alien vascular plants in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 123: 115-127. [PDF 241 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2020. Risk assessment after the Harmonia+ protocol of invasive alien vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 122: 197-205. [PDF 132 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel, M. Pfeiffenschneider & S. Schneider, 2013. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of non-native vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 114: 15-21. [PDF 652 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2021-08-23. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-14.

Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne.

Posted onAuthorDr. Christian Ries

English Wall Cotoneaster Status LU: established. 1st record: LU & ITW 1949.
Lëtzebuergesch Fächer-Zwergmëspel Status Eur.: established. 1st record: FR 1860s-1870s.
Français Cotonéaster horizontal RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: 0,34
Deutsch Fächer-Zwergmispel Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Wall Cotoneaster Wikipedia - Français - Cotonéaster horizontal Wikipedia - Deutsch - Fächer-Zwergmispel | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Cotoneaster horizontalis | CABI
Nederlands Vlakke dwergmispel Back to the list of neophytes

Brief description

Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. is a small shrub that thrives in man-made habitats such as walls, railway embankments or sand quarries. It can form large spontaneous and self-sustaining populations in dunes, rock outcrops and a wide range of calcicolous grassland communities. The plant is easily dispersed by birds (Branquart et al. 2010).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. was first documented on 6 August 1949 by François Léon Lefort (1917-1975) in Kelsbach in the Moselle valley between Grevenmacher and Machtum (Specimen № 21984 MNHNL 2000-).

The 15 occurrences in the MNHNL-mdata online portal hardly reflect the real distribution of the species (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2019). The species seems constrained to urban areas. Commonly used as an ornamental plant, its distribution in the wild outside of urban areas is expected to increase in the future.

This melliferous species native to western China is grown for ornamental purposes in parks, gardens and roadsides. It is the most invasive exotic Cotoneaster species in sub-natural or semi-natural environments like calcicolous dry grassland, etc. (Lambinon & Verloove, 2012: 372).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (1+2+2+2) (Ries et al. 2013: 18).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,34 = (Overall Invasion score 0,68 x Overall Impact score 0,50) (Ries et al. 2020).

0,68Invasion
0,50Impact
0,34Risk

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Branquart, E., S. Vanderhoeven, W. Van Landuyt, F. Van Rossum, F. Verloove, 2010. Harmonia database: Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2019-10-09]
  • CABI, 2019. Cotoneaster horizontalis. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-02-28]
  • Lambinon J. & F. Verloove, 2012. Nouvelle flore de la Belgique, du grand-duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Sixième édition. Avec la collaboration de L. Delvosalle, B. Toussaint, D. Geerinck, I. Hoste, F. Van Rossum, B. Cornier, R. Schumacker, A. Vanderpoorten et H. Vannerom. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. CXXXIX + 1195 pp. ISBN : 9789072619884.
  • MNHNL, 2000-. Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-05]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-06]
  • Ries, C. & Y. Krippel, 2021. First records of 56 invasive alien vascular plants in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 123: 115-127. [PDF 241 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2020. Risk assessment after the Harmonia+ protocol of invasive alien vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 122: 197-205. [PDF 132 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel, M. Pfeiffenschneider & S. Schneider, 2013. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of non-native vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 114: 15-21. [PDF 652 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2021-03-03. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-14.

Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

English Pumpkinseed Status LU: established. 1st record: 1996.
Lëtzebuergesch Gewéinlech Sonnepiisch Status Eur.: established.
Français Perche soleil RA: ISEIA: C2. Harmonia+: n/a.
Deutsch Gemeiner Sonnenbarsch Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Pumpkinseed Wikipedia - Français - Perche soleil Wikipedia - Deutsch - Gemeiner Sonnenbarsch Wikipedia - Nederlands - Zonnebaars | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Lepomis gibbosus | CABI
Nederlands Zonnebaars Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Lepomis gibbosus PAQIntroduced to Europe from North America in the late 1800s (Maes, 1898), Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) is now established in a minimum of 28 countries in Europe and Asia Minor (Copp and Fox, 2007), with a population reported for Brazil and possibly also Chile. Initial reports (early 1900s) mentioned large specimens but with repeated introductions needed for establishment. Later in the 1930s, the species was blamed for the decline of native Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), but this hypothesis was never tested. There is little direct evidence of adverse impacts except from Iberia. Few parasites are reported, though non-native monogeneans have been reported for Norwegian and English populations. Invasiveness in L. gibbosus appears to be a function of juvenile growth (length at age two) and age at maturity, with invasive populations reported almost exclusively for southern Europe, However, even in northern Europe, L. gibbosus may represent a considerable proportion of the fish assemblage in water bodies that have been subjected to human impacts. The species is not listed on any conservation alert list (CABI 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758 in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) was first documented by Julius Troschel on 19th July 1996 in Syr/Syre north of Medingen (municipality of Contern), in Syr/Syre in Schrassig (municipality of Schuttrange) and in the delta of Lennéngerbach in Ehnen (municipality of Wormeldange) (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

During river surveys in 2005, the species was documented in 6 out of 68 sampling spots in the rivers Alzette, Moselle and Syre. 57 observations of the species are documented in the national database in 2024 ((MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2024).

Management

Action plan

An action plan regarding the species has been published in 2020:

→ Finalised Action Plan for Lepomis gibbosus (Pfeiffenschneider & Hoppe 2020)

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C2 (2+2+2+2) (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Administration de la gestion de l’eau, 2010. Les poissons au Luxembourg, Cartographie des poissons, lamproies et écrevisses du grand-duché de Luxembourg, 213 pp.
  • CABI, 2019. Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • Pfeiffenschneider, M. & F. Hoppe 2020. Plan d’action pour espèces exotiques envahissantes au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg : Perche soleil, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758). Version 3.1 – 2021-01-22. Administration de la nature et des forêts, Luxembourg. 20 pp.
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-07-31. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-27.

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

English Rainbow trout Status LU: established. 1st record: 1887.
Lëtzebuergesch Reeboufrell1 Status Eur.: established.
Français Truite arc-en-ciel RA: ISEIA: C2. Harmonia+: n/a.
Deutsch Regenbogenforelle Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Rainbow trout Lëtzebuergesch Wikipedia - Français - Truite arc-en-ciel Wikipedia - Deutsch - Regenbogenforelle Wikipedia - Nederlands - Regenboogforel | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Oncorhynchus mykiss | CABI
Nederlands Regenboogforel Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Female Rainbow Trout in handOncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) is a competitive trout species which can displace native trout species when introduced into new environments; the fisheries management literature is replete with papers that document this phenomenon. The fact that O. mykiss has been widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world for 125 years virtually guarantees that they have had a negative impact on biodiversity in areas outside their original distribution. Even within their native range, the indiscriminate planting of trout derived from coastal stocks into areas containing inland stocks has had a profound effect on population abundance of native strains of redband trout, cutthroat trout, bull trout and other native salmonids. Escapees from fish farms are an additional concern, but the most harm to biodiversity has resulted from fisheries management agencies planting O. mykiss over the past century (CABI 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792 in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Syn: Trutta iridea (Gibbons, 1855)) was introduced to Luxembourg in 1887: “On 2 July 1887 Mr. Koltz introduced the ‘rainbow trout’ (Trutta iridea) to us and released it in the Canacherbach (Anonym 1892; Feltgen 1902).2

During the river inventory of 1996/1997 the Rainbow trout was found in 33 spots. During a similar inventory in 2005, the species was only documented in two rivers: the Lower Syre (3 individuals) and the Reierbaach in the vicinity of Lasauvage (49 indivduals). The latter population indicates natural reproduction in the Reierbaach, which happens rarely in Europe (Administration de la gestion de l’eau 2010).

The introduction of the Rainbow trout was reduced considerably with, for example, a total ban in border rivers since 1986 (Administration de la gestion de l’eau 2010), resulting in the decline of the species in Luxembourg.

Currently, 59 records of in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C2 (1+2+1+1) (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Administration de la gestion de l’eau (2010): Les poissons au Luxembourg, Cartographie des poissons, lamproies et écrevisses du grand-duché de Luxembourg. 213 pp.
  • A.E., 1951. La truite arc-en-ciel dans les cours d’eau luxembourgeois. Service Information et presse, Bulletin d’information 5: 88-90. [PDF 544 KB]
  • Anonym, 1892. Sitzung vom 8. Februar 1892. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 2, H. 1: 3. [eluxemburgensia]
  • CABI, 2019. Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • Feltgen, E., 1902. Vademecum des Luxemburger Fischereiliebhabers. P. Worré-Mertens, Luxemburg. 148 S.
  • Klees, H., 1981. Luxemburger Tiernamen. Beiträge zur luxemburgischen Sprach- und Volkskunde XIV. Institut grand-ducal, Section de linguistique, de folklore et de toponymie. 2. Aufl. 131 S. Imprimerie Pierre Linden, Luxembourg.
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2021-02-02. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-28.

  1. Cf. Klees 1981: 26.[↩]
  2. Original text: ‘Am 2. Juli 1887 wurde durch Hr. Koltz die “Regenbogenforelle” (Trutta iridea) bei uns eingeführt und im Canacherbach ausgesetzt.'[↩]

Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

English Topmouth Gudgeon Status LU: established. 1st record: 2005.
Lëtzebuergesch Asiatesche Goujong1 Status Eur.: established. IAS of EU concern (2016).
Français Goujon asiatique RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
Deutsch Blaubandbärbling Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Topmouth Gudgeon Wikipedia - Français - Goujon asiatiqueo Wikipedia - Deutsch - Blaubandbärbling Wikipedia - Nederlands - Blauwband | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Pseudorasbora parva | CABI
Nederlands Blauwband Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Pseudorasbora parva(edited version)Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 typically inhabits eutrophic ponds, ditches and muddy brooks rich in aquatic vegetation; it is sometimes found in larger streams and lakes. It is very tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions. This highly invasive fish in Europe is a healthy host for a deadly, non-specific pathogen (Sphaerothecum destruens) that poses a threat to the conservation of European fish diversity. Moreover, it consumes large quantities of planktonic crustaceans which results in a high exploitative competition with native fish species (e.g. indigenous gudgeon) and an increase in the biomass of phytoplankton, and further in increasing eutrophication of water bodies (Anseeuw et al. 2007).

IAS of Union concern

In 2016, Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 was added to the list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Anonymous 2016) which implies that member states shall take all necessary steps to prevent it’s unintentional introduction or spread.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 was first detected in Luxembourg during the systematic river inventory of 2005, when it was found in the upstream dam of the Upper Sauer Lake in Bavigne (Administration de la gestion de l’eau 2010).

Management

Action plan

An action plan concerning the species has been published in 2020:

→ Finalised Action Plan for Pseudorasbora parva (De Sousa 2020)

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (1+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Fact sheet

PDF fact sheet of the Nature and Forestry Administration: FR | DE

Bibliography

  • Administration de la gestion de l’eau, 2010. Les poissons au Luxembourg, Cartographie des poissons, lamproies et écrevisses du grand-duché de Luxembourg, 213 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2016. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of 13 July 2016 adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union L 189: 4-5.
  • Anseeuw, D., E. Branquart, F. Lieffrig, J.-C. Micha, D. Parkinson & H. Verreycken, 2007. Harmonia database: Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed 2020-04-23]
  • CABI, 2019. Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • De Sousa, T., 2020. Plan d’action pour espèces exotiques envahissantes au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg: le Goujon asiatique, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Version 2020-09-04. Administration de la nature et des forêts, Luxembourg. 21 pp.
  • Klees, H., 1981. Luxemburger Tiernamen. Beiträge zur luxemburgischen Sprach- und Volkskunde XIV. Institut grand-ducal, Section de linguistique, de folklore et de toponymie. 2. Aufl. 131 S. Imprimerie Pierre Linden, Luxembourg.
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-22]
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-07-31. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-28.

  1. Goujong, Gründling cf. Klees 1981: 27.[↩]

Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

Syn.: Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802

English American bullfrog Status LU: absent.
Lëtzebuergesch Nordamerikaneschen Ochsefräsch Status Eur.: established. IAS of EU concern (2016).
Français Ouaouaron, grenouille-taureau RA: ISEIA: A0, Alert List. Harmonia+: n/a.
Deutsch Nordamerikanischer Ochsenfrosch Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - American bullfrog Wikipedia - Français - Grenouille-taureau Wikipedia - Deutsch - Nordamerikanischer Ochsenfrosch Wikipedia - Nederlands - Amerikaanse brulkikker | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Rana catesbeiana | CABI
Nederlands Amerikaanse brulkikker Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 inhabits slow-running waters, permanent ponds and ditches with dense vegetation. In Belgium, it is often found in fish ponds. The introduction of the bullfrog outside its native range poses a threat to amphibian populations around the world. The frog negatively affects native amphibians through competition and predation (namely green frog populations). It also preys on many other species, including arthropods, molluscs, fish and birds (eggs and young). Its tadpoles contribute to the species’ negative impact on native biodiversity. Moreover, the bullfrog is frequently reported to be a healthy carrier of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an emergent infectious disease that is highly virulent, has low host-specificity and has been implicated in numerous species extinctions and global amphibian declines. The species is included in the appendix under recommendation no.77 of the Council of Europe as a species which has proven to be a threat to biological diversity and for which eradication is strongly recommended (Branquart et al. 2013).

IAS of Union concern

In 2016, Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 was added to the list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Anonymous 2016) which implies that member states shall take all necessary steps to prevent it’s unintentional introduction or spread.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

To date, there is no documentation of the species in Luxembourg (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

A0 (3+3+3+3) = Alert List (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Anonymous, 2016. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of 13 July 2016 adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union L 189: 4-5.
  • Branquart E., A. Laudelout, G. Louette, Y. Martin & C. Percsy, 2013. Harmonia database: Rana catesbeiana. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2019-10-25]
  • CABI, 2019. Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-21]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-21]
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-21. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-29.

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

English Brook trout Status LU: established. 1st record: 1872.
Lëtzebuergesch Bur-Séifrell1 Status Eur.: established.
Français Truite mouchetée RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
Deutsch Bachsaibling Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Brook trout Wikipedia - Français - Truite mouchetée Wikipedia - Deutsch - Bachsaibling Wikipedia - Nederlands - Bronforel | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Salvelinus fontinalis | CABI
Nederlands Bronforel Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Brook trout 1918Introductions of Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) began in the nineteenth century, to more than 40 countries in temperate areas on all continents, including the southern hemisphere. The brook trout is considered a poor to moderate invader. Potential impacts include predation on various species of amphibians, zooplankton and other invertebrates as well as increases in primary productivity, alteration of nutrient cycles, and hybridization with native species. This species is competitive, with broad dietary breadth, has a fast growth rate, often lacks predators or parasites, and is moderately tolerant of abiotic conditions. Introductions may lead to replacement of native salmonids (e.g. brown trout, Salmo trutta) (CABI 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814 in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) was first mentioned in 1872 by Alphonse de la Fontaine, who wrote that the brook trout occasionally enters the Moselle from time to time (De la Fontaine 1872).

The species was introduced in Luxembourg in 1902 in Limbach (Lintgen), Rollingerbach and Berschbach (Feltgen 1902).

In 2005, a systematic inventory of Luxembourg rivers only showed isolated individuals in the Alzette. There is no indication of reproduction of the species in Luxembourg.

The distribution map is not complete because records still have to be entered into the Recorder-Lux database (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2019).

Currently, 6 records of in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (1+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Administration de la gestion de l’eau, 2010. Les poissons au Luxembourg, Cartographie des poissons, lamproies et écrevisses du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. 2e éd. 213 pp.
  • CABI, 2019. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-23]
  • De la Fontaine, A., 1872. Faune du Pays du Luxembourg. Poissons. Publ. Inst. Roy. Gr.-D. Luxb. 8: 1-88.
  • Feltgen, E., 1902. Vademecum des Luxemburger Fischereiliebhabers. P. Worré-Mertens, Luxemburg. 148 S.
  • Klees, H., 1981. Luxemburger Tiernamen. Beiträge zur luxemburgischen Sprach- und Volkskunde XIV. Institut grand-ducal, Section de linguistique, de folklore et de toponymie. 2. Aufl. 131 S. Imprimerie Pierre Linden, Luxembourg.
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-25]
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-27.

  1. Saibling cf. Klees 1981: 26.[↩]

Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Posted onAuthorManou Pfeiffenschneider

English Zander Status LU: established. 1st record: 1894.
Lëtzebuergesch Zander Status Eur.: established.
Français Sandre doré européen RA: ISEIA: B2, Watch List. Harmonia+: 0,22
Deutsch Zander Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Zander Wikipedia - Français - Sandre doré européen Wikipedia - Deutsch - Zander Wikipedia - Nederlands - Snoekbaars | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Sander lucioperca | CABI
Nederlands Snoekbaars Back to the list of vertebrates

Brief description

Sander lucioperca 1Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) can be invasive in lakes, channels and slow running waters. The introduction of this predatory fish in Western Europe created a crash in some cyprinid fish communities. Populations of native piscivorous fish species (Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis) were locally depleted due to interspecific competition. The pike-perch is also a vector of the Bucephalus polymorphus parasite, that can affect native cyprinid fish species; however, a massive outbreak of this parasite has never been reported from Belgium (Anseeuw et al. 2008).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758 in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

In Luxembourg, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) was first documented in 1894 in the Moselle, probably near Ehnen in the municipality of Wormeldange, and in 1898 in the Sûre near Moersdorf, municipality of Mompach (Feltgen 1902).

Currently, 34 records of in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020). Its most important populations are located in the Moselle and the Upper Sûre lake.

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

B2 (2+2+3+2) = Watch List (Ries et al. 2014: 199).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,22 = (Overall Invasion score 0,84 x Overall Impact score 0,26) (evaluated by Carole Molitor, Roland Proess and Manou Pfeiffenschneider).

0,84Invasion
0,26Impact
0,22Risk

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Administration de la gestion de l’eau, 2010. Les poissons au Luxembourg, Cartographie des poissons, lamproies et écrevisses du grand-duché de Luxembourg, 213 pp.
  • Anseeuw D., E. Branquart, F. Lieffrig, J.-C. Micha, D. Parkinson & H. Verreycken, 2008. Harmonia database: Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed 2020-04-27]
  • CABI, 2019. Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-27]
  • Feltgen, E. (1902): Vademecum des Luxemburger Fischereiliebhabers. – P. Worré-Mertens, Luxemburg: 148 S.
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-27]
  • Moris, J.P., 1900. Ein Wort über den Zander (Lucioperca Sandra), und sein Vorkommen in unsern Flüssen. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 10: 131-132. [PDF 88 KB]
  • Ries, C., M. Pfeiffenschneider, Engel, E., J.-C. Heidt & M. Lauff, 2014. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of vertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 195-201. [PDF 247 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-03-06.

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John

Posted onAuthorDr. Christian Ries

English Nuttall’s Waterweed Status LU: established. 1st record: LU & ITW 1975.
Lëtzebuergesch Schmuelbliedereg Waasserpescht Status Eur.: established. 1st record: BE 1939. IAS of EU concern (2017).
Français Elodée de Nuttall RA: ISEIA: A3, Black List. Harmonia+: 0,42
Deutsch Schmalblättrige Wasserpest Wikipedia: Wikipedia - English - Nuttall's Waterweed Wikipedia - Français - Elodée de Nuttall Wikipedia - Deutsch - Schmalblättrige Wasserpest | Wikispecies: Wikispecies - Elodea nuttallii | CABI
Nederlands Smalle waterpest Back to the list of neophytes

Brief description

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John is an aquatic plant that thrives in various types of freshwater habitats, from still to slow-flowing systems and from very shallow to deep waters. It is very tolerant to water pollution and prefers warm eutrophic and calcareous waters; it is often found in species-poor macrophyte communities. This submerged perennial makes dense monospecific populations which often colonise whole water bodies, restrict water movement, cut off light, produce anoxic conditions and trap sediments in the system. Due to its quick nutrient uptake and very high growth rate, the species has been reported to outcompete several native aquatic plants (Branquart et al. 2019).

IAS of Union concern

In 2017, Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John was added to the list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Anonymous 2017) which implies that member states shall take all necessary steps to prevent it’s unintentional introduction or spread.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Records of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John in Luxembourg. Data source: Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2025-08-02.

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John has been first documented by Paul Verheggen in the Upper Sûre lake near Boulaide in 1975 (Parent 1983 cit. in Diederich 1984: 39)1. The species, observed since 1941 in the Netherlands, was harvested in 1939 in northern Belgium, but was only identified later (around 1967). It tends to locally supplant Elodea canadensis Michx. (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 790).

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John is so far less common in Luxembourg than the Canadian waterweed. 

An identification sheet of the species has been published by the MECB in French and German.

Management

Action plan

The action plan dedicated to Nuttall’s Waterweed was published September 2020:

→ Finalised Action Plan for Elodea nuttallii (Pfeiffenschneider & Hoppe 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

A3 (3+3+3+3) = Black List (Ries et al. 2013: 18).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,42 = (Overall Invasion score 0,71 x Overall Impact score 0,60) (Ries et al. 2020).

0,71Invasion
0,60Impact
0,42Risk

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

  • Anonymous, 2017. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2017/1263 of 12 July 2017 updating the list of invasive alien species of Union concern established by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union L 182: 37-39 (13.7.2017).
  • CABI, 2019. Elodea nuttallii. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-02-28]
  • Branquart, E., I. Stiers, L. Triest, S. Vanderhoeven, W. Van Landuyt, F. Van Rossum, F. Verloove, 2019. Harmonia database: Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2019-10-09]
  • Diederich, P., 1984. Les monocotylédones aquatiques (excl. Potamogeton s.l.) du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Dumortiera 29-30: 34-41. [PDF 5 MB].
  • Lambinon J. & F. Verloove, 2012. Nouvelle flore de la Belgique, du grand-duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Sixième édition. Avec la collaboration de L. Delvosalle, B. Toussaint, D. Geerinck, I. Hoste, F. Van Rossum, B. Cornier, R. Schumacker, A. Vanderpoorten et H. Vannerom. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. CXXXIX + 1195 pp. ISBN : 9789072619884.
  • MNHNL, 2000-. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-05]
  • MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-09-06]
  • Oly, M., 2022. Kartierung invasiver gebietsfremder Wasserpflanzen im Großherzotum Luxemburg, Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von invasiven gebietsfremden Wasserpflanzen in einer beispielhaften Auswahl an Stillgewässern, Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. 117 pp. 
  • Parent, G. H., 1983. Données floristiques inédites tirées de l’herbier du docteur Paul Verheggen. Dumortiera 25 : 12-21.
  • Pfeiffenschneider, M. & F. Hoppe, 2020. Plan d’action pour espèces exotiques envahissantes au Grand–Duché de Luxembourg : Elodéede Nuttall, Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John. Version 23/09/2020. Administration de la nature et des forêts, Luxembourg. 22pp.
  • Ries, C. & Y. Krippel, 2021. First records of 56 invasive alien vascular plants in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 123: 115-127. [PDF 241 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2020. Risk assessment after the Harmonia+ protocol of invasive alien vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 122: 197-205. [PDF 132 KB]
  • Ries, C., Y. Krippel, M. Pfeiffenschneider & S. Schneider, 2013. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of non-native vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 114: 15-21. [PDF 652 KB]

 Page content last updated on 2024-07-31. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-11-17.

  1. Diederich 1984, p. 39: Oesling : Boulaide, au lac, K7.48. 1975. herb. Verheggen (PARENT. 1983).[↩]