Quagga mussel	Status LU: present.
	Quaggamuschel	Status Eur.: established.
	Moule quagga	RA: ISEIA: n/a. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Quagga-Dreikantmuschel	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a | CABI
	Quagga mussel	Back to the list of invertebrates

Report the species

→ Report Dreissena bugensis to the National Museum of Natural History.

Brief description

The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) is a species (or subspecies) of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Dreissenidae. It has an average lifespan of 3 to 5 years. The species is indigenous to the Dnieper River drainage of Ukraine, and is named after the quagga, an extinct subspecies of African zebra. The invasive quagga mussel is currently of major concern as it spreads in the rivers and lakes of Europe and also in the Great Lakes of North America.

Quagga mussels are presumed to have originated in the Ukrainian section of the Black Sea. The expansion of its range in Europe began only after 1940 and likely was associated with construction of interbasin canals and creation of impoundments along the large European rivers. Today, they are an invasive species found throughout western Europe. In Germany, quagga mussels were first identified in 2006, and now populate many inland waters, such as the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, the Main, and the Rhine. They were first identified in Switzerland in 2015 and in Lake Constance in 2016, where they have since spread massively and caused considerable problems, in particular to the machinery in waterworks. In 2014, the species was reported at Wraysbury Reservoir, not far from London’s Heathrow Airport in the valley of the River Thames. In Ireland, the mussels were first discovered in 2021 in two lakes on the River Shannon: Lough Derg and Lough Ree.

This species is known for its invasive nature and can reach densities of over 1,000 individuals per square metre. It competes with existing zebra mussels and native species, and often manages to dominate newly colonised rivers within a few years. Due to these biological traits, Dreissena spp. can substantially affect the environment, food webs and biodiversity of the ecosystems they invade, and cause tremendous economic damage in raw water-using industries, potable water treatment plants, and electric power stations. This species was identified as the top ranking invasive species threat to the UK in a study of almost 600 non-native species (CABI 2014, Wikipedia contributors 2022, A. Schleimer (AGE) personal communication 13.08.2026).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis Andrusov 1897 ) was first in the French section of the Moselle in 2011. Since its discovery, the quagga mussel population in the French section of the Moselle has increased thirtyfold. Monitoring between Sierck-les-Bains and Pont-à-Mousson suggested that zebra mussels still accounted for two-thirds of the triangular mussel (Dreissenidae) individuals at all stations, but that the larger quagga mussels accounted for 60 per cent of the biomass on average. In the water bodies designated as the ‘Lower Moselle’ (from Koblenz to Konz) and the ‘Upper Moselle’ (from Oberbillig to Apach), the quagga mussel has clearly succeeded in displacing the zebra mussel as the dominant species. To date, quagga mussels have not spread into the Sauer or other free-flowing tributaries of the Moselle, as natural ecological barriers and the absence of boat traffic limit their distribution (Schleimer (AGE) personal communication 13.08.2026, bij de Vaate & Beisel 2011). The discovery of the quagga mussel at the monitoring station in Palzem, opposite Stadtbredimus, is the first record of the species in the Luxembourg section of the Moselle. However, given the findings in Sierck-les-Bains in 2011, it is reasonable to assume that the species was already present in Luxembourg several years earlier. The species has established itself in large numbers at the fish passes of the Palzem and Grevenmacher barrages (A. Schleimer (AGE) personal communication 13.08.2026).

A flyer about invasive mussels has been published by natur&ëmwelt.

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

Not assessed yet.

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• Bij de Vaate, A. & J.-N. Beisel, 2011.  Range expansion of the quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) in Western Europe: first observation from France, Aquatic Invasions (2011) Volume 6, Supplement 1: S71–S74
• CABI, 2014. Dreissena rostriformis bugensis Andrusov 1897. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2023-01-23]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2025. ‘Dreissena bugensis‘, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 September 2025, 16:30 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quagga_mussel> [accessed 2025-09-25]