Juneberry	Status LU: established. 1st record: LU 1961, ITW <2000.
	Amerikanesch Leebirchen	Status Eur.: established. 1st record: FR ~1850-1900.
	Amélanchier d’amérique	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: 0,07
	Kupfer-Felsenbirne	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Amerikans krentenboompje	Back to the list of neophytes

Report the species

→ Report Amelanchier lamarckii to the National Museum of Natural History.

Brief description

In its introduced range, Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. thrives on sandy, acidic soil, especially in heathlands, in open woodlands, along forest edges and in urban areas. Juneberry is apomictic and breeds true from seed. Fruits are dispersed by birds over long distances. Juneberry populations are slowly expanding in Western European countries (Belgium, Germany, Great Britain) and reported to be locally invasive. Juneberry can reduce the development of ground vegetation but it rarely forms dense monospecific stands. Outcompetition of native species is considered as unlikely. Impact on native vegetation is poorly reported in the scientific literature (Branquart et al. 2012).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. was first reported as Amelanchier canadensis by Léopold Reichling on 1961-06-06 and 1961-06-08 from his garden in Avenue Guillaume, Belair, Luxembourg City (MNHNL 2000-a, LUXNAT Nr 48638).

The species was first observed in the wild by Yves Krippel on 2000-08-04  in the nature reserve Ditgesbaach near Ettelbruck (MNHNL 2000-b).

Amelanchier lamarckii was next recorded in Luxembourg by Krippel & Scheer (2006: 10) on 2003-09-04 on the western slope of Esch-sur-Sûre castle. The species is currently (2018) still present there (Krippel et al. 2019: 164). The next records date before 2008 and cannot be dated exactly as Welter et al. (2008: 62) list 4 undated locations.

In Luxembourg, juneberry is commonly planted as an ornamental tree, which is the case for the records of the species in the municipalities of Luxembourg City (Cents, Limpertsberg) and Hesperange (Welter et al. 2008: 62). In the municipality of Feulen, the species seems to be widely grown in gardens, squares and along streets (MNHNL 2000-c).

Juneberry is a melliferous species born in Europe from a North American strain (Lambinon & Verloove 2012: 373).

Juneberry is an apomictic microspecies, and presumed to be of hybrid origin (A. laevis and either A. arborea or A. canadensis) and therefore under the rules of botanical nomenclature it would be known as Amelanchier × lamarckii (Wikipedia contributors 2019).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (1+2+2+1) (Ries et al. 2013: 18).

Harmonia+ protocol

Overall risk score 0,07 = (Overall Invasion score 0,57 x Overall Impact score 0,13) (Ries et al. 2020).

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• Branquart, E., S. Vanderhoeven, W. Van Landuyt, F. Van Rossum & F. Verloove, 2012. Harmonia database: Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. Harmonia version 1.2, Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. URL: http://ias.biodiversity.be [accessed on 2019-10-16]
• CABI, 2009. Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. [original text by Vicki Bonham]. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2019-11-22]
• Krippel, Y. & A. Scheer, 2006. Flore et végétation du château féodal d’Esch-sur-Sûre au Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 106: 3-16. [PDF 253 Kb]
• Krippel, Y., S. Schneider, A. Schopp-Guth & T. Walisch, 2019. Feuchtwiesen, Felsbiotope, Silikatmagerrasen, Burgen, Eichen-Niederwälder – Lebensräume auf Schiefer im Norden Luxemburgs. Tuexenia Beiheft 12: 137-187.
• Lambinon J. & F. Verloove, 2012. Nouvelle flore de la Belgique, du grand-duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Sixième édition. Avec la collaboration de L. Delvosalle, B. Toussaint, D. Geerinck, I. Hoste, F. Van Rossum, B. Cornier, R. Schumacker, A. Vanderpoorten et H. Vannerom. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. CXXXIX + 1195 pp. ISBN : 9789072619884.
• MNHNL, 2000-a. Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. Amelanchier lamarckii F. G. Schroeder observed on 1991-06-06, occurrence ID LUXNATFUND398819, via https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2021-01-13].
• MNHNL, 2000-b. Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. Amelanchier canadensis observed on 2000-08-04, occurrence ID DSS002920000069H, via https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2021-01-12].
• MNHNL, 2000-c. Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-02]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-16]
• Ries, C. & Y. Krippel, 2021. First records of 56 invasive alien vascular plants in Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 123: 115-127. [PDF 241 KB]
• Ries, C., Y. Krippel, M. Pfeiffenschneider & S. Schneider, 2013. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of non-native vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 114: 15-21. [PDF 652 KB]
• Ries, C., Y. Krippel & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2020. Risk assessment after the Harmonia+ protocol of invasive alien vascular plant species in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 122: 197-205. [PDF 132 KB]
• Welter A., J.Turk & J. Trossen, 2008. Les arbres introduits au Luxembourg. Inventaire des essences arborescentes non indigènes de pleine terre présentes sur le territoire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Ferrantia 53, Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg, ISSN 1682-5519, 111 pp.
• Wikipedia contributors, 2019. Amelanchier lamarckii F.G. Schroed. in Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 September 2019, 16:47 UTC. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amelanchier_lamarckii&oldid=915169386 [accessed 2 October 2019]