Yellow-footed Asian hornet	Status LU: casual. 1st record: 2020.
	Asiatesch Gielfouss-Runn	Status Eur.: established. IAS of EU concern (2016).
	Frelon asiatique à tarses jaunes	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Asiatische Gelbfuß-Hornisse	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies:  | CABI
	Geelvoetige Aziatische hoornaar	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is a hornet of Asian origin which is a generalist predator of medium- to large-sized insects, and scavenger of vertebrate carrion. It has large impacts on Diptera and social hymenopterans, and in particular on honey bees (Apis spp.). It has recently been spreading in Asia (it is an invasive species in South Korea and Japan), and the subspecies V. v. nigrithorax has been accidentally introduced to Europe where it was first recorded from southern France in 2004 (Villemant et al. 2006a: 536, 2006b). Since then it has been found in Spain (2010; López et al. 2011), Portugal (2011; Grosso-Silva & Maia 2012), Belgium (2011, 2016; Barbier & Renneson 2018), Italy (2012; Federazione Apicoltori Italiani 2013), Germany (2014; von Orlow 2014), the Balearic Islands (2015; Leza et al. 2018), the Channel Islands (2016; States of Guernsey Government 2016), the UK (2016; Budge et al. 2017), the Netherlands (2017; Smit et al. 2017), Switzerland (2017; Ebener 2017), Luxembourg (2020; MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020). This invasive species can threaten honey production and native pollinating insects. It may be introduced and transported accidentally with soil associated with plants, garden furniture and pots, timber, vegetables, camping equipment, etc. (CABI 2019).

Further invasions are expected in various countries covering much of Europe.

IAS of Union concern

In 2016, Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 was added to the list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Anonymous 2016) which implies that member states shall take all necessary steps to prevent it’s unintentional introduction or spread.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 was first recorded in the wild in Luxembourg by Thierry Helminger on 2^nd September 2020: a few individuals on grapes from a vine in a garden (Helminger 2020).

Before that, in August 2012, the alleged first observation of Vespa velutina in Luxembourg was published in a daily newspaper, which turned out to be wrong, as it contains photos of V. crabro (Back 2012b). 11 days before, the same journalist had already published an article about this Asian hornet species in Belgium (Back 2012a).

On 4^th September 2020, a team of experts tried to locate the nest (Renneson & Schneider 2020). The search was unsuccessful because the crowns of the trees in question could not be well inspected due to the dense foliage. The search will only be successful in autumn. However, the young queens will have already left their nest at that time to look for a wintering place. We must then probably expect an expansion of the population in 2021. The nest in Junglinster was found on 29th September under the eaves of a house. Further observations of the yellow-legged Asian hornet have been since reported from Junglinster (2020-09-09 Cité Kremerich; 2020-09-16 CIPA).

Further observations of the yellow-legged Asian hornet in Luxembourg:

• 2020-09-09: Ingeldorf, reported by a beekeeper;
• 2020-09-19: Schifflange, north of the school in Rue Michel-Rodange;
• 2020-09-21: Esch-sur-Alzette: a nest of yellow-legged Asian hornet has been spotted high in a tree in a private garden near the bus station Wobrécken between rue Général G.S. Patton and rue de la Tuilerie. This same nest was already photographed on 13^th September, but reported on 30^th September.
• 2020-09-21: Beckerich, 6 beehives were predated, the beekeeper lost 6 out of a total of 8 colonies;
• 2020-09-27: Beckerich;
• 2020-09-30: Echternach;
• 2020-10-07: Colmar-Berg, next to the town hall;
• 2020-11-24: Colmar-Berg, a nest high up in a tree reported by a beekeeper.
• 2020-12-14: Beckerich: the entrance of a nest was found between a barn and an attached garage, several young females were sighted around the site. The nest was successfully removed on 2021-01-13.
  

Currently (2020-12-12), 22 records of the yellow-footed Asian hornet in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Photo gallery

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

Following its discovery in Luxembourg on 2nd September 2020, the species has been reassessed on 3^rd September to C1 (3+1+1+1) by Christian Ries. Assessment before the appearance of the species in Luxembourg: C0 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Outreach

Between the publication of the leaflet in 2016 (DE) and 2017 (FR) and the first observation of the yellow-legged Asian hornet in Luxembourg on 2020/09/02, 18 reports were sent to the authorities, mostly mistaken for the native Eurasian hornet. 29 reports were sent between the first observation (2020/09/02) and the press release (2020/09/28), 12 were correct. After the press release, 103 reports were sent to date (2020/11/24), of which 11 were indeed reporting the yellow-legged Asian hornet.

Of the 151 reports of Vespa velutina nigrithorax, 23 were correct and 19 reports without photo or specimen could not be validated. In the remaining reports, the following species have been mistaken for the yellow-legged Asian hornet: Bombus sp. (1x), Dolichovespula saxonica (1x),Dolichovespula sp. (1x), Polistes dominula (6x), Polistes nimpha (1x), Tabanus bovinus (2x), Vespa crabro (63x,  the native Eurasian hornet), Vespula germanica (31x), Vespula sp. (1x), Volucella zonaria (2x; the hornet mimic hoverfly).

Press release (2020-09)

Press release of 28 September 2020: “First detections of the yellowlegged Asian Hornet in Luxembourg” (FR & DE)

Leaflets

Updated leaflets (November 2020)

       

Old versions (2016, 2017)

In spring 2016 the Department for the Environment of the Luxembourg Ministry of sustainable development and infrastructures published a leaflet in German about Vespa velutina, in co-operation with the Nature and Forestry Administration, the National Museum of Natural History, natur&ëmwelt and the national bee-keeping association. A French version was produced in spring 2017. It can be downloaded here in PDF format (~400KB each).

Links

• Association Action anti-Frelon-asiatique (AAAFA) (France)

References

• Anonymous, 2016. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of 13 July 2016 adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union L 189: 4-5.
• Back, A., 2012a. Bienenfresser aus Fernost. Wallonien rüstet sich gegen die Asiatische Hornisse, Luxemburg blieb bislang verschont. tageblatt (03.08.2012). [JPG]
• Back, A., 2012b. Bienenfresser aus Fernost, Teil II. Asiatische Hornisse auch in Luxemburg angekommen. tageblatt (14.08.2012). [JPG] [Note: This article in a daily newspaper about the arrival of Vespa velutina in Luxembourg is wrong, as it shows photos of V. crabro.]
• Barbier Y. & J.-L. Renneson (2018) Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836. Atlas Hymenoptera. URL: http://www.atlashymenoptera.net/pagetaxon.asp?tx_id=3877 [2018.01.03]
• Budge G.E., J. Hodgetts, E.P. Jones, J.C. Ostojá-Starzewski, J. Hall, V. Tomkies, et al., 2017. The invasion, provenance and diversity of Vespa velutina Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Great Britain. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0185172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185172
• CABI, 2019. Vespa velutina [text by Sarah Bunker, UK; CRCNPB Australia]. In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-01-31]
• Ebener, A., 2017. Arrivée du frelon asiatique en Suisse. Communiqué d’apiservice. URL: https://ffa-vfb.ch/2017/04/26/apiservice-arrivee-du-frelon-asiatique-en-suisse/
• Federazione Apicoltori Italiani, 2013. Vespa velutina: prima segnalazione in Italia. E’ allarme!. Rome, Italy: Federazione Apicoltori Italiani.
• Grosso-Silva J.M. & M. Maia, 2012. Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), new species for Portugal. In: Arquivos Entomolóxicos, 6 53-54.
• Helminger, T., 2020. Personal communication by e-mail to C. Ries on 3rd September 2020.
• Leza M., M. Á. Miranda & V. Colomar, 2018. First detection of Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): a challenging study case. Biological Invasions. 20 (7), 1643-1649. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-017-1658-z DOI:10.1007/s10530-017-1658-z
• López, S., M. González & A. Goldarazena, 2011. Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): first records in Iberian Peninsula. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 41 (3), 439-441.
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-09-18]
• Renneson, J.-L. & N. Schneider, 2020. Rapport de visite de terrain – recherche du frelon asiatique à Junglinster. Rapport non-publié du 06/09/2020, Marbehan.
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., 2018. Personal communication by e-mail to C. Ries on 3rd January 2018.
• Smit J, R van de Roer, R Fontein & A de Wilde (2017) Eerste vondst van de aziatische hoornaar Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Nederland (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 49: 1-10.
• States of Guernsey Government, 2016. Asian hornet identified in Alderney., https://www.gov.gg/article/155332/Asian-Hornet-identified-in-Alderney
• Villemant, C., J. Haxaire & J.-C. Streito, 2006a. Premier bilan de l’invasion de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 111 (4): 535-538. [PDF]
• Villemant, C., J. Haxaire & J.-C. Streito, 2006b. La découverte du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina, en France. In: Insectes, 143 (4) 3-7. [PDF]
• von Orlow, M., 2014. Asiatische Hornisse hat Deutschland erreicht. Nachweis bei Karlsruhe / Imker befürchten Schäden an Bienenvölkern. URL: https://www.nabu.de/news/2014/09/17045.html

 Page content last updated on 2021-01-14. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-12.

	Buffalo treehopper	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2002.
	Büffel-Zikad	Status Eur.: established.
	Cicadelle bison	RA: ISEIA: C2. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Büffelzikade	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2020)
	Buffelcicade	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 is a species of treehopper belonging to the subfamily Membracinae. It is also sometimes classified as Ceresa bisonia. This species is native to North America, but now it is widespread throughout southern Europe and it is also present in the Near East and in North Africa. Both adult and immature buffalo treehoppers feed upon sap using specialized mouthparts suited for this purpose. Black locust, clover, elm, goldenrod, and willow are among their favorite food sources. It is also an occasional pest of fruit trees and is harmful to young orchard trees, especially apple trees. It has become an invasive species in some parts of Europe (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 was first documented by Robert Biedermann on 15th September 2002 near Remerschen, municipality of Schengen (MNHNL 2000-).

Currently, 61 records of the buffalo treehopper in Luxembourg are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal, all of them in the Gutland, the southern half of the country (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2021).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C2 (2+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2019. Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei [accessed 2020-04-21]
• MNHNL, 2000-. Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-21]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2021. Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2021-04-14]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Buffalo treehopper’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 January 2020, 06:54 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_treehopper&oldid=933829844> [accessed 2020-04-21]

 Page content last updated on 2021-04-14.

	Andromeda lace bug	Status LU: casual. 1st record: 2019.
	Andromeda-Netzwanz	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Andromeda-Netzwanze	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2020)
	Rotsheidenetwants	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 is a pest insect on plants of the genus Pieris, especially Pieris japonica, the Japanese andromeda. It originated in Japan with its host plant but has since been introduced to other areas of the globe. The andromeda lace bug is about 3 millimeters in length. It has a characteristic rounded pronotum, lacy black and white wings, and shiny gold highlighting. The bug produces mottling on the leaves of the plant, and heavy infestations can cause the leaves to drop in large numbers, stunting the plant’s growth. Both nymph and adult forms damage the leaves by piercing them to suck the juices, and leave dark frass on the undersides of the leaves. Damage is worst on plants that grow in full sun (Wikipedia contributors 2018).

“Stephanitis takeyai is an invasive Tingidae native to Japan. It was introduced to Europe in 1994 through the plant trade in the Netherlands with its feeder plant Pieris japonica (Aukema 1996). It reached Germany in 2002 (Baufeld 2002), Belgium in 2003 (Aukema et al. 2005) and France in 2004 (Streito 2006)” (Schneider 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 was first found on 24^th June 2019 in the kitchen of a private house in Roeser. The often open door of this kitchen communicates with a garden in which grows Pieris japonica (the Japanese andromeda), the host plant of the Andromeda lace bug (Schneider 2020: 100).

There is no distribution map available because no data has been entered into the Recorder-Lux database so far (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020). The Andromeda lace bug is present in our three neighbouring countries (Rabitsch 2010).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

Following its discovery in Luxembourg in 2019, the species has been reassessed on 14^th September 2020 to C1 (3+1+1+1) by Christian Ries. Assessment before the appearance of the species in Luxembourg: C0 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• Aukema, B., 1996. Stephanitis takeyai on Pieris japonica. Mededelingen van de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst 179: 46–47
• Aukema, B., J. M. Bruers & G. Viskens, 2005. Nieuwe en zeldzame Belgische wantsen (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie 141: 33–37.
• Baufeld, P., 2002. Die Andromedanetzwanze (Stephanitis takeyai) – ein neuer Schädling an Ziergehölzen. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 54: 318–319.
• GBIF, 2019. Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei [accessed 2020-04-20]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-20]
• Rabitsch, W., 2010. True Bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Biorisk 4: 407-433. Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow. Doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.44
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., 2020. Premières mentions d’Oxycarenus lavaterae (Fabricius, 1787), de Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778) et de Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) au Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 122 : 99-102. [PDF]
• Streito, J.C., 2006. Note sur quelques espèces envahissantes de Tingidae : Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1932), Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874) et Stephanitis takeyai Drake & Maa, 1955 (Hemiptera Tingidae). L’Entomologiste 62 : 31-36.
• Wikipedia contributors, 2018. Stephanitis takeyai, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 21 March 2018, 10:34 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephanitis_takeyai&oldid=831595662> [accessed20 April 2020]

 Page content last updated on 2020-09-14.

	Rhododendron lace bug	Status LU: absent.
	Rhododendron-Netzwanz	Status Eur.: established.
	Tigre du rhododendron	RA: ISEIA: C0. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Rhododendron-Netzwanze	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies:
	—	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in Africa, Australia, Europe & Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America  (Wikipedia contributors, 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath has not yet been reported from Luxembourg (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C0 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei [accessed 2020-04-20]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-20]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2019. Stephanitis rhododendri, in: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 23 September 2019, 04:36 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephanitis_rhododendri&oldid=917291154> [accessed 2020-04-20]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-20.

	Curved wasp	Status LU: uncertain. 1st record: 2011.
	Orientalesch Mauerharespel	Status Eur.: established.
	Pélopée courbée	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Orientalische Mauerwespe	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2017)
	Oosterse langsteelgraafwesp	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Sceliphron curvatum (F. Smith, 1870) is a species of hymenopteran insects, and more precisely a mason wasp, of the family Sphecidae. It is a species native to the mountainous regions of Asia, particularly the Himalayas, and has recently appeared in Europe (early 1980s). It is locally invasive, including in France in the South-East, where it could perhaps compete with native species (Wikipedia contributors 2019).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Sceliphron curvatum (F. Smith, 1870) was observed for the first time in Luxembourg on 15th July 2011 near Echternach (Schneider et al. 2014).

No further observations are documented so far (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Sceliphron curvatum (F. Smith, 1870). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-10]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Sceliphron curvatum (F. Smith, 1870) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., Y. Barbier, A. Pauly & S. Christian, 2014. Découverte de Sceliphron curvatum (Smith, 1870) en Belgique et au Luxembourg (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 115: 251-253. [PDF 842 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2019. ‘Pélopée courbée’, Wikipédia, l’encyclopédie libre, 25 avril 2019, 05:55 UTC, <https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9lop%C3%A9e_courb%C3%A9e&oldid=158729271> [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-10. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-11.

	Horse chestnut scale	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2000.
	n/a	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Wollige Napfschildlaus	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2020)
	n/a	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 is a species of scale insect in the family Coccidae. Although it is commonly known as the horse chestnut scale, it affects other trees besides horse chestnuts as well as many species of woody shrubs. Adults are normally all female and produce eggs by parthenogenesis. The insects are thought to have originated in Asia but arrived in Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. Pulvinaria regalis is known to be hosted by 65 species of plant from 25 families. The main species of tree which act as hosts for this scale insect are horse chestnut, sycamore, maple, lime, elm, magnolia, bay and dogwood (Wikipedia contributors 2019)

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 was first documented together with P. hydrangeae by Nico Schneider and Sandra Tanson in the year 2000 in Luxembourg City (Bonnevoie), Dudelange and Esch-sur-Alzette (Schneider & Tanson 2003: 87).

Currently, 29 records of the horse chestnut scale are accessible through the MNHNL-mdata portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF 2020).

Other Pulvinaria taxa

Pulvinaria vitis (L.) is the only native species of the scale louse genus Pulvinaria. Recently, three other species of this genus, P. floccifera (Westwood), P. hydrangeae (Steinweden) and P. regalis Canard, have migrated to Luxembourg, where they have become established without any problems (Schneider & Tanson 2003: 87).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+1+2+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://www.gbif.org/species/1652212 [accessed 2020-04-10]
• MNHNL, 2000-. Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-10]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Pulvinaria regalis Canard, 1968 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N. & S. Tanson, 2003. Les cochenilles pulvinaires (Hemiptera, Coccidae) du Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 103: 87-92. [PDF 626 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2019. ‘Pulvinaria regalis’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 August 2019, 11:40 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulvinaria_regalis&oldid=912554047> [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-10.

	n/a	Status LU: established. 1st record: 2003 (?)
	Schäin-Akazi-Minnematt	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Robinienminiermotte	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: n/a (2020)
	Acaciavouwmot	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens, 1859 is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is native to North America (where it is distributed from Ontario south to South Carolina and west to Missouri and Texas), but is an introduced species in Europe, where it was first reported near Basel, Switzerland, in 1983. Later, it was also reported in France, Germany, northern Italy (1988), Austria (1989), and Slovakia (1992). It spread gradually through Austria, reaching Hungary in the mid 1990s. The larvae feed on Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia viscosa and Robinia hispida. They mine the leaves of their host plant (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

“This species is native to North America and was introduced into Europe. It was first identified in 1983 in Basel, Switzerland (Huemer et al. 1992). Since then it has colonized all countries of Central and Western Europe, and in Luxembourg the species can be found everywhere on Robinias. Since 2003 it has been found in several places in Luxembourg (N. Schneider, pers. comm.). In the past it has been reported from Wintringen (Schneider 2004), from Bonneweg and Düdelingen (Schneider & Walisch 2009), as well as from Remerschen, Esch/Alzette and Luxemburg-Kirchberg (Ries 2016d). The caterpillar lays conspicuous white blanks on the underside of the leaves of Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia)” (Hellers 2017: 140-141).

4 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens, 1859 in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://www.gbif.org/species/1749886 [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Hellers M., 2017. Die Kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die Familien Roeslerstammiidae, Douglasiidae, Bucculatricidae und Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariiidea). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 129-144. [PDF 5,21 MB]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2020. Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens, 1859 in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., 2004. Auf Spurensuche. 24. Raupenspuren. Regulus 9/04: 20.
• Schneider, N. & T. Walisch, 2009 . Sur la présence au Luxembourg d’Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 110: 161-165.
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Macrosaccus robiniella’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 April 2020, 01:27 UTC, <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macrosaccus_robiniella&oldid=949360692> [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-10. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-11.

	n/a	Status LU: established. 1st record: 1997.
	Platane-Minnematt	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Platanenminiermotte	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies:
	Plataanvouwmot	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Europe, the Near East and the eastern Palearctic ecozone, as well as California in the United States. The larvae feed on Platanus (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) was observed in Luxembourg for the first time on 1996-10-21 by Romain Schoos near the Sûre in Rosport (MNHNL 2000-). It was next recorded on 1997-11-15 by Marcel Hellers in Avenue de la Liberté in Luxembourg City (Hellers 2017: 140).

This species produces large leads in the leaves of plane trees. It can be found on plane trees everywhere in our villages (Hellers 2017: 140).

7 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal, most of them in the Moselle valley (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2021).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://www.gbif.org/species/1652212 [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Hellers M., 2017. Die Kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die Familien Roeslerstammiidae, Douglasiidae, Bucculatricidae und Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariiidea). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 129-144. [PDF 5,21 MB]
• MNHNL, 2000-. Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) observed on 1996-10-21, occurrence ID MNHNL00000004TU6, via https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2021-04-14].
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2021. Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [accessed 2021-04-14]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Phyllonorycter platani’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 25 February 2020, 17:56 UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllonorycter_platani&oldid=942601786 [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2021-04-14. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-11.

	n/a	Status LU: uncertain. 1st record: 2011.
	Lisär-Minnematt	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C1. Harmonia+: n/a.
	Luzernenminiermotte	Wikipedia:   | Wikispecies:
	Honingklavervouwmot	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov, 1930) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Denmark and Poland to Belgium, the Alps, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The larvae feed on Medicago falcata, Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, Melilotus officinalis, Ononis spinosa, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium campestre and Trifolium repens. They mine the leaves of their host plant (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov, 1930) was first documented by Marcel Hellers on 9 October 2011 at Grousse Mies in Bissen (Hellers 2017: 139).

This species is very rare depending on the year, and then again frequent. It lives on lucerne (Medicago sativa). Here it forms large blister mines on the underside of the leaves. Unlike most other species of this genus, the butterflies hatch in autumn and overwinter as imago. This seems to be a survival strategy of the animals, as the delicate leaves would decay in winter and the caterpillars would have to hibernate unprotected (Hellers 2017: 139-140).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C1 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• GBIF, 2020. in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://www.gbif.org/species/1652212 [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Hellers M., 2017. Die Kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die Familien Roeslerstammiidae, Douglasiidae, Bucculatricidae und Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariiidea). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 129-144. [PDF 5,21 MB]
• MNHNL, 2000-. Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov, 1930) in Recorder-Lux, database on the natural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-25]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2019. Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov, 1930) in MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2019-10-25]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Phyllonorycter medicaginella’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 February 2020, 18:33 UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllonorycter_medicaginella&oldid=941624287 [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2020-04-10.

	Firethorn leaf miner	Status LU: established. 1st record: 1998.
	Feierdar-Minnematt	Status Eur.: established.
	n/a	RA: ISEIA: C3. Harmonia+: n/a.
	n/a	Wikipedia: | Wikispecies: | CABI
	Vuurdoornvouwmot	Back to the list of invertebrates

Brief description

Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is native to southern Europe (Mediterranean regions of France, Spain, Greece, Albania, Russia (Crimea), Turkey, and the southern part of former Yugoslavia where its principal host plant is native) and was probably introduced accidentally into several countries in western Europe on transported plant material (Wikipedia contributors 2020).

The larvae mainly feed on Pyracantha coccinea, the European species of firethorn, but have also been recorded on Crataegus species.

Status and distribution in Luxembourg

Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850) was observed in Luxembourg for the first time on 25th April 1998 by Marcel Hellers at the railway station of Ettelbruck (Hellers 2017: 139).

“This species has been introduced with the forage plant. It lives on an ornamental plant, the firethorn, Pyracantha coccinea, on whose leaves the caterpillars lay conspicuous mines. The species can be found everywhere in our villages in gardens and parks around the firethorn. It has already been reported from Luxembourg (Schneider 2006). In Düdelingen, Haard, mines of these caterpillars have been found on Sorbus torminalis, although the service tree, in contrast to the firethorn, has no wintergreen leaves in which the caterpillars of the summer generation of the firethorn leaf miner moth spend the winter (N. Schneider, pers. comm.)” (Hellers 2017: 139).

3 observations are documented in the mdata.mnhn.lu portal (MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2021).

Risk assessment

ISEIA protocol

C3 (3+1+1+1) (Ries et al. 2017: 69).

Harmonia+ protocol

Not assessed yet.

Worldwide distribution

Bibliography

• CABI, 2019. Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850). In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. URL: www.cabi.org/isc [accessed 2020-04-10]
• Hellers M., 2017. Die Kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die Familien Roeslerstammiidae, Douglasiidae, Bucculatricidae und Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariiidea). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 129-144. [PDF 5,21 MB]
• MNHNL, iNaturalist & GBIF, 2021. MNHNL-mdata, online portal combining species observation from Recorder-Lux, iNaturalist and GBIF. National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg. URL: https://mdata.mnhn.lu [Accessed 2021-04-14]
• Ries, C., A. Arendt, C. Braunert, S. Christian, A. Dohet, A. Frantz, G. Geimer, M. Hellers, J. A. Massard, X. Mestdagh, R. Proess, N. Schneider & M. Pfeiffenschneider, 2017. Environmental impact assessment and black, watch and alert list classification after the ISEIA Protocol of invertebrates in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 119: 63-70. [PDF 360 KB]
• Schneider, N., 2006. Auf Spurensuche. 31. Vor der Haustür. Regulus 6/06: 21.
• Wikipedia contributors, 2020. ‘Phyllonorycter leucographella’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 18 February 2020, 18:54 UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllonorycter_leucographella&oldid=941462471 [accessed 2020-04-10]

 Page content last updated on 2021-04-14. Last proofread by Caroline Grounds on 2019-12-11.